Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes, specifically membrane-bound isozymes CA IX and CA XII, underpin a pH-regulating system that enables hypoxic tumor cell survival and proliferation. CA IX and XII are implicated as potential targets for the development of new hypoxic cancer therapies. To date, only a few small molecules have been characterized in CA-relevant cell and animal model systems. In this paper, we describe the development of a new class of carbohydrate-based small molecule CA inhibitors, many of which inhibit CA IX and XII within a narrow range of low nanomolar K(i) values (5.3-11.2 nM). We evaluate for the first time carbohydrate-based CA inhibitors in cell-based models that emulate the protective role of CA IX in an acidic tumor microenvironment. Our findings identified two inhibitors (compounds 5 and 17) that block CA IX-induced survival and have potential for development as in vivo cancer cell selective inhibitors.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Antigens, Neoplasm / metabolism*
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis*
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / chemistry
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Carbonic Anhydrases / metabolism*
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Cell Hypoxia
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Cell Line
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Click Chemistry
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Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
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Glucosides / chemical synthesis*
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Glucosides / chemistry
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Glucosides / pharmacology
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Humans
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Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
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Isoenzymes / antagonists & inhibitors
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Sulfonamides / chemical synthesis*
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Sulfonamides / chemistry
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Sulfonamides / pharmacology
Substances
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4-(4-((2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl)thiomethyl)-5-iodo-1-H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
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4-(4-((glucopyranosyl)thiomethyl)-5-iodo-1-H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
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Antigens, Neoplasm
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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Glucosides
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Isoenzymes
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Sulfonamides
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CA9 protein, human
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX
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Carbonic Anhydrases
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carbonic anhydrase XII